Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that can spread from one individual to another or be transmitted from animals to humans. These diseases can be spread through various mechanisms, including direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated surfaces, airborne transmission, or vector organisms, such as mosquitoes or ticks. Infectious diseases can range from mild to severe and can affect different parts of the body, leading to a wide variety of symptoms. Examples of infectious diseases include influenza, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and COVID-19. The study and management of infectious diseases involve understanding their transmission, prevention, and treatment to reduce their impact on individuals and communities.
Shingles is increasingly affecting younger adults, notably those in their 20s to 40s, contrary to its traditional association with older age. Caused by the dormant varicella-zoster virus, the rise in…